Production of penicillin by fungi growing on food products: identification of a complete penicillin gene cluster in Penicillium griseofulvum and a truncated cluster in Penicillium verrucosum.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mycobiota growing on food is often beneficial for the ripening and development of the specific flavor characteristics of the product, but it can also be harmful due to the production of undesirable compounds such as mycotoxins or antibiotics. Some of the fungi most frequently isolated from fermented and cured meat products such as Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium nalgiovense are known penicillin producers; the latter has been shown to be able to produce penicillin when growing on the surface of meat products and secrete it to the medium. The presence of penicillin in food must be avoided, since it can lead to allergic reactions and the arising of penicillin resistance in human-pathogenic bacteria. In this article we describe a study of the penicillin production ability among fungi of the genus Penicillium that are used as starters for cheese and meat products or that are frequently isolated from food products. Penicillium griseofulvum was found to be a new penicillin producer and to have a penicillin gene cluster similar to that of Penicillium chrysogenum. No other species among the studied fungi were found to produce penicillin or to possess the penicillin biosynthetic genes, except P. verrucosum, which contains the pcbAB gene (as shown by hybridization and PCR cloning of fragments of the gene) but lacks pcbC and penDE. Antibacterial activities due to the production of secondary metabolites other than penicillin were observed in some fungi.
منابع مشابه
Identification and Expression of Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Penicillin and Its Detection by HPLC in Penicillium chrysogenum
In this study, after identification of genes involved in biosynthesis of penicillin, we evaluated the expression of pcbAB and pcbC genes in P. Chrysogenum. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach was used to determine how these genes were expressed in different time courses. In addition, the produced penicillin content was measured using HPLC. qPCR analysis of mRNAs extracted from P. chrysogenum i...
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BACKGROUND Multi-copy gene integration into microbial genomes is a conventional tool for obtaining improved gene expression. For Penicillium chrysogenum, the fungal producer of the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin, many production strains carry multiple copies of the penicillin biosynthesis gene cluster. This discovery led to the generally accepted view that high penicillin titers are the resu...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Applied and environmental microbiology
دوره 68 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2002